{"id":1839,"date":"2023-01-09T17:47:10","date_gmt":"2023-01-09T17:47:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/?p=1839"},"modified":"2023-01-22T15:35:27","modified_gmt":"2023-01-22T15:35:27","slug":"what-is-a-cdn-how-does-a-cdn-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/what-is-a-cdn-how-does-a-cdn-works\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is A CDN? How Does a CDN Works?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What Is A CDN? How Does a CDN Works?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-a-cdn-why-should-we-developers-all-take-advantage-of-it\"><strong>What is a CDN? Why should we developers all take advantage of it?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s take a look. CDN, or content delivery network,&nbsp;has been around since the late 90s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It was originally developed to speed up the delivery of static HTML content&nbsp;for users all around the world. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:33px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1010\" height=\"568\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-41.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-41.png 1010w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-41-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-41-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1010px) 100vw, 1010px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CDN <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Has evolved over the ensuing decades. Nowadays, a CDN should be used&nbsp;whenever HTTP traffic is served. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1852\" width=\"546\" height=\"373\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-21.png 479w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-21-300x205.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 546px) 100vw, 546px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What can a modern CDN do for us? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s take a closer look. At a fundamental level, a CDN&nbsp;brings content closer to the user. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>This improves the performance of a&nbsp;web service as perceived by the user. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is well-documented that performance is&nbsp;critical to user engagement and retention. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To bring service closer to the users, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CDN deploys servers <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>At hundreds of locations all over the world. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"635\" height=\"321\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1854\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-23.png 635w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-23-300x152.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">These server locations are called <strong>Point of Presence<\/strong>, or PoPs. <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A server inside the PoP is now&nbsp;commonly called an<strong> edge server<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Edge Server<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Having many PoPs all over the&nbsp;world ensures that every user can reach a fast-edge server close to them. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"273\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-24.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1855\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-24.png 630w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-24-300x130.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Different CDNs use different technologies to&nbsp;direct a user\u2019s request to the closest PoP. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-25.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1856\" width=\"630\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-25.png 559w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-25-300x130.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Two common ones are <strong>DNS-based routing and Anycast.<\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-26.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1857\" width=\"634\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-26.png 486w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-26-300x128.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 634px) 100vw, 634px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">With DNS-based routing, <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Each&nbsp;PoP has its own IP address. When the user looks up the IP address for the CDN, DNS returns the IP address&nbsp;of the PoP closest to them. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-27.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1858\" width=\"636\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-27.png 598w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-27-300x141.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">With Anycast, <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>All PoPs share the same IP address. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When a request comes into the Anycast network for that IP address, the network sends the request to the PoP that is closest to the requester. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-28.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1859\" width=\"645\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-28.png 614w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-28-300x139.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Each edge server acts as a reverse proxy with a huge content cache. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"365\" height=\"324\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-30.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1862\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-30.png 365w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-30-300x266.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 365px) 100vw, 365px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Static contents <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Are cached on the&nbsp;edge server in this content cache. If a piece of content is in the cache,&nbsp;it could be quickly returned to the user. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the edge server only asks for a copy of the static content from the origin server if it is not in its cache,&nbsp;this greatly reduces the load and bandwidth&nbsp;requirements of the origin server cluster. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"663\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-31.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1863\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-31.png 663w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-31-300x151.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A modern CDN <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Could also transform static content into more optimized formats. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What is a CDN? Why should we developers all take advantage of it?<\/strong> <strong>For example,<\/strong> it could minify JavaScript bundles on the fly, or transform an image file from an old&nbsp;format to a modern one like WebP or AVIF. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-32.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1864\" width=\"663\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-32.png 517w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-32-300x201.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:22px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-33.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1865\" width=\"663\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-33.png 469w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-33-300x187.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The edge server also serves a very&nbsp;important role in the modern HTTP stack. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">All TLS connections terminate at the edge server. <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-34.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1866\" width=\"668\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-34.png 698w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-34-300x115.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TLS handshakes are expensive. <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The commonly used TLS versions like TLS 1.2&nbsp;take several network round trips to establish. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By terminating the TLS connection at the edge, it significantly reduces the latency for the&nbsp;user to establish an encrypted TCP connection. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-35.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1867\" width=\"662\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-35.png 467w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-35-300x214.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 662px) 100vw, 662px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This is one reason why many modern applications send even&nbsp;dynamic, uncacheable HTTP content over the CDN. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Besides performance, a modern CDN&nbsp;brings two other major benefits. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"369\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-36.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1870\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-36.png 684w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-36-300x162.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">First is security. <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>All modern CDNs have huge&nbsp;network capacity at the edge. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-37.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1871\" width=\"683\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-37.png 618w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-37-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">This is the key to providing effective DDoS&nbsp;protection <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Against large-scale attacks &#8211; by&nbsp;having a network with a capacity&nbsp;much larger than the attackers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_7-1024x440.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1872\" width=\"693\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_7-1024x440.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_7-300x129.jpg 300w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_7-768x330.jpg 768w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_7.jpg 1171w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 693px) 100vw, 693px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This is especially effective with a CDN built on an Anycast network. It allows the CDN to diffuse the attack traffic over a huge number of servers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Second, a modern CDN improves availability. <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-38.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1873\" width=\"701\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-38.png 759w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-38-300x120.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>What Is A CDN? How Does a CDN Works? A CDN by its very nature is highly distributed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By having copies of contents available in many PoPs, a CDN can withstand many more hardware&nbsp;failures than the origin servers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-40.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1875\" width=\"698\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-40.png 986w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-40-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/devclouds.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-40-768x381.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A modern CDN provides many benefits. If we are serving HTTP traffic,&nbsp;we should be using a CDN. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What Is A CDN? How Does a CDN Works? What is a CDN? Why should we developers all take advantage of it? Let\u2019s take a look. CDN, or content delivery network,&nbsp;has been around since the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1839","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cdn"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v19.6 (Yoast SEO v19.14) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Is A CDN? 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